Similar to other issues that occur during app updates, QuickBooks error 12031 falls within the 12xxx error series. This error can surface while updating QuickBooks Desktop, downloading payroll updates, or installing new features, maintenance releases,or accountant updates. When the issue occurs, QB displays a service message labeled error 12031 on the screen, indicating a disruption in the update process.

https://www.promoteproject.com/article/206889/steps-to-execute-when-the-quickbooks-error-12031-appears